This section presents theoretical contributions to CBR techniques along with application papers that present different ways of representing, indexing, retrieving and adapting cases.

The case representation process is one of the most important phases in designing a CBR system. The case representation should contain the information that describes a situation that has a direct impact on the outcome or the solution of that situation. Depending on the complexity of the situation cases can be represented in a flat form or a complex hierarchical form. This section is composed of papers that presents a wide range of representational formalisms including frames, semantic nets, rules and relational database techniques, or a combination of different knowledge representations.

Aha, D.W. (1991) Case-Based Learning Algorithms. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R., (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Aha, D., & Branting, K. (1995). Stratified Case-Based Reasoning: Reusing Hierarchical Problem Solving Episodes. In, Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI-95, pp.384-390. IJCAI, Menlo Park, Calif., US.

Aleven, V., & Ashley, K.D. (1996). How Different Is Different? Arguing about the Significance of Similarities and Differences. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Alexander, P., Millden, G., Tsatsonlis, C., & Holtzman, J. (1989). Storing Design Knowledge in Cases. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Alterman, R. (1989). Panel discussion on case representation. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Alterman, R. (1991). A Concept Space for Reasoning about Cases Involving Event Structures. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Alternam, R., & Wentworth, M. (1989). Determining the Important Features of a Case. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Althoff, K.-D., Auriol, E., Barletta, R., & Manago, M. (1995). A Review of Industrial Case-Based Reasoning Tools. AI Intelligence, Oxford, UK. ISBN 1-898804-01-X

Bareiss, E.R. (1989). Exemplar-based knowledge acquisition: A unified approach to concept representation classification and learning. Boston, Academic Press.

Bergmann, R., & Wilke, W. (1996). On the Role of Abstraction in Case-Based Reasoning. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Blau, L., Bonissone, P.P., & Ayub, S. (1991). Planning with Dynamic Cases. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Brandau, R., Lemmon, A., and Lafond, C. (1991). Experience with extended episodes: Cases with complex temporal structure. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Branting, K. (1989). Integrating Generalizations with Exemplar-Based Reasoning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Branting, K. (1991). Exploiting the complementarity of rules and precedents with reciprocity and fairness. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Brown, M., Watson, I., & Filer, N. (1995). Separating the cases from the data: Towards more flexible case-based reasoning. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Carbonell, J.G. & Veloso, M.M. (1988). Integrating Derivational Analogy into a General Problem Solving Architecture. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

David, B.S. (1991). Principles for case representation in a case-based aiding system for lesson planning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Domeshek, E., & Kolodner, J.L. (1993). Finding the points of large cases. In, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 7(2), pp.87-96.

Faltings, B., Hua, K., Schmitt, G., & Shih, S.-G. (1991). Case-Based Representation of Architectural Design Knowledge. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Garner, B.J., Larkiu, C., & Tsui, E. (1989). Prototypical Knowledge for Case-Based Reasoning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Goel, A., Ali, K., Donnellan, M., Garza, A., & Callantine, T. (1994). Multistrategy Adaptive Navigational Path Planning. IEEE Expert, 9(6): pp.57-65

Goel, A.K., & Murdock, J.W. (1996). Meta Cases: Explaining Case-Based Reasoning. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Grimnes, M., & Aamodt, A. (1996). A Two Layer Case-Based Reasoning Architecture for Medical Image Understanding. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Hendler, J.A. (1988). Refitting Plans for Case-Based Reasoning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Huang, Y. (1996). An Evolutionary Agent Model of Case-Based Classification. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Hunt, J., & Fellows, A. (1996). Introducing an immune responce into a CBR system for data mining. In, Research & Development in Expert Systems XIII. Nealon, J.L., & Hunt, J. (Eds.), SGES Publications, UK.

Jones, E.K. (1989). Case-Based Analogical Reasoning Using Proverbs. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Kambhampati, S. (1989). Representational Requirements for Plan Reuse. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Kamp, G. (1996). Using Description Logics for Knowledge Intensive Case-based Reasoning. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Kass, A. M., & Leake, D.B. (1988). Case-Based Reasoning Applied to Constructing Explanations. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Kolodner, J.L. (1988). Retrieving Events from a Case Memory: A Parallel Implementation. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Kolodner, J.L. (1988). Extending Problem Solving Capabilities Through Case-Based Inference, In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Kopeikina, L., Bandau, R., & Lemmon, A. (1988). Case-Based Reasoning for Continuous Control. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Koton, P. (1988). Reasoning about Evidence in Causal Explanations. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Marir, F., & Watson, I. (1995). Representing and indexing building refurbishment cases for multiple retrieval of adaptable pieces of cases. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Montazeri, M.A. (1996). The Effect of Standardized Case Representation and Cross-Structural Similarity on Retrieval Robustness. In, Research & Development in Expert Systems XIII. Nealon, J.L., & Hunt, J. (Eds.), SGES Publications, UK.

Navinchandra, D. (1988). Case-Based Reasoning in CYCLOPS, a Design Problem Solver. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Osborne, H.R., & Bridge, D.G. (1996). A Case Base Similarity Framework. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Owens, C. (1988). Domain-Independent Prototype Cases for Planning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Oxman, R. (1994). Precedents in design: A computational model for organization of case knowledge. In, Proceedings of the First Congress held in Conjunction with A/E/C Systems'94, Vol. 2. Khozeimeh, K. (Ed.).

Perera, R.S., & Watson, I. (1995) A Case-Based Design Approach For The Integration of Design And Estimating. In, Progress In Case-Based Reasoning, Watson, I. (Ed.). Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1020, Springer-Verlag.

Plaza, E. (1995). Cases as terms: A feature term approach to the structured representation of cases. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Plaza, E., de Mántaras, L., & Armengol, E. (1996). On the Importance of Similitude : An Entropy-Based Assessment. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Raphael, B., Kumar, B. & McLeod, A. (1994). Representing design cases based on methods. In, Proceedings of the First Congress held in Conjunction with A/E/C Systems'94, Vol. 2. Khozeimeh, K. (Ed.).

Redmond, R. (1989). Learning from others’ Experience: Creating Cases from Examples. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Riesbeck, C.K. (1988). An Interface for Case-Based Knowledge Acquisition. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Sanders, K.E. (1991). Within the Letter of the Law: Reasoning Among Multiple Cases. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Schmidt, R., Heindl, B., Pollwein, B., & Gierl, L. (1996). Abstractions of Data and Time for Multiparametric Time Course Prognoses. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Shinn, H.S. (1988). Abstractional Analogy: A Model of Analogical Reasoning. In DARPA'88 Proceeding, see Kolodner J.L. (Ed.) 1988.

Skalak, D.B. (1992). Representing cases as knowledge sources that apply local similarity metrics. In, Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Northvale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Smith, D.B. (1991). Principles for Case Representation in a Case-Based Aiding System for Lesson Planning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R., Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Strube, G. (1991). The role of cognitive science in knowledge engineering, In, Contemporary knowledge engineering and cognition: First joint workshop, proceedings, F. Schmalhofer, F. & G. Strube (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, pp.161-174.

Sycara, K.P. & Navinchandra D. (1991). Influences: A Thematic Abstraction for Creative Use of Multiple Cases . In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R., Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Tirri, H., Kontkanen, P., & Myllymäki, P. (1996). A Bayesian Framework for Case-Based Reasoning. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Turner, R.M. (1988). Organizing and Using Schematic Knowledge for Medical Diagnosis. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Weber-Lee, R., Barcia, R.M., Martins, A., & Pacheco, R.C. (1996). Using Typicality Theory to Select the Best Match. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Zarri, G.P. (1993). Using a High-Level, Conceptual Knowledge Representation Language for Visualizing Efficiently the Internal Structure of Complex "Cases". In, Proceedings of EWCBR'93, Richter, M.M., et al., Springer-Verlag.

This section includes papers that describe different techniques used to index cases. Papers presenting case-studies of indexing techniques and analysis of these techniques are also included.

Alternam, R., & Wentworth, M. (1989). Determining the Important Features of a Case. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Althoff, K.-D., Auriol, E., Barletta, R., & Manago, M. (1995). A Review of Industrial Case-Based Reasoning Tools. AI Intelligence, Oxford, UK. ISBN 1-898804-01-X

Ashley, K.D. (1989). Indexing and Analytic Models. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Barletta, R., & Mark, W. (1988). Explanation-based indexing of cases. In Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI, Calif., US.

Barletta, R., & Kerber. R. (1989). Improving Explanation-Based Indexing with Empirical Learning. Proceeding of the 1989 International Machine Learning Workshop.

Chang, L.W., Harrison, P. (1995). A Testbed for Experiments in Adaptive Memory Retrieval and Indexing. In, Adaptation of Knowledge for Reuse: Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Fall Symposium. Aha, D.W. & Ram, A. (Eds.). AAAI Technical Report FS-95-04.

Daengdej, J., Lukose, D., Tsui, E., Beinat, P., & Prophet, P. (1996). Dynamically Creating Indices for Two Million Cases: A Real World Problem. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Domeshek, E. (1989). Parallelism for Index Generation and Reminding. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Domeshek, E. (1991). Do the right thing: A component theory for indexing stories as social advice. Northwestern University, Institute for the Learning Sciences Technical Report no. 26.

Domeshek, E. (1991). Indexing stories as social advice. In, Proceedings of AAAI-91. Cambridge, MA: AAAI Press/MIT Press.

Domeshek, E. (1991). What Abby cares about. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Domeshek, E. (1993). A case study of case indexing: Designing index feature sets to suit task demands and support parallelism. In Advances in connectionist and neural computation theory, vol. 2: Analogical connections, J. Bamden & K. Holyoak (Eds.). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Fox, S., & Leake, D.B. (1995). Learning to refine indexing by introspective reasoning. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Goodman, M. (1989). CBR in battle planning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Hammond, K.J. & Hurwits, N. (1988). Extracting Diagnostic Features from Explanations. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Hammond, K.J. (1988). Case-Based Planning: Viewing planning as a memory task. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Kolodner, J.L. (1989). Selecting the best case for a case-based reasoner. In, Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Northvale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Lebowitz, M. (1987). Experimental with incremental concept formation: UNIMEM. Machine Learning, 2(ii), pp.103-38.

Macedo, L., Pereira, F.C., Grilo, C., & Cardoso, A. (1996). Plans as Structured Networks of Hierarchically and Temporally Related Case Pieces. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Malek, M. (1995). A connectionist indexing approach for CBR systems. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Marir, F., & Watson, I. (1995). Representing and indexing building refurbishment cases for multiple retrieval of adaptable pieces of cases. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Martin, C. (1989). Complex Indices: A Metaphorical Example. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Martin, C. (1989). Indexing Using Complex Features. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Oehlmann, R., Edwards, P., & Sleeman, D. (1995). Self-Questioning and Experimentation: An Index Vocabulary of Situated Interaction. In, Progress In Case-Based Reasoning, Watson, I. (Ed.). Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1020, Springer-Verlag.

Owens, C. (1989). Integrating feature extraction and memory search. In, Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Northvale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Pazzani, M. (1989). Indexing Strategies for Goal-Specific Retrieval of Cases. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Riesbeck, C.K. (1988). An Interface for Case-Based Knowledge Acquisition. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Schank, R. (1988). Reminding and Memory. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Simoudis, E. (1991). Retrieving justifiably relevant cases from a case base using validation models. Ph.D. thesis., Department of Computer Science, Brandeis University.

Simoudis, E. (1992). Using case-based retrieval for customer technical support. IEEE Expert, 7(5), pp. 7-13.

Smith, D.B. (1991). Principles for Case Representation in a Case-Based Aiding System for Lesson Planning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Stanfill, C. & Waltz, D.L. (1988). The Memory-Based Reasoning Paradigm. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Stanfill, C. (1988). Learning to Read: A Memory-Based Model. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Sycara, K.P., & Navinchandra, D. (1989). Index Transformation and Generation for Case Retrieval. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Sycara, K.P., & Navinchandra, D. (1991). Influences: A Thematic Abstraction for Creative Use of Multiple Cases . In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R., Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Thagard, P., & Holyoak, K.J. (1989). Why Indexing Is the Wrong Way to think about Analogical Retrieval. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Waltz, D. (1989). Panel Discussion on ''Indexing Algorithms". In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Waltz, D. (1991). Is indexing Used for Retrieval? In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Williams, R.S. (1988). Learning to Program by Examining and Modifying Cases. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Barletta, R. & Mark, W. (1988). Explanation-Based Indexing of Cases. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Birnbaum, L. (1991). Panel Discussion on "Indexing Vocabulary". In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Birnbaum, L., & Collins G. (1989). Reminding and Engineering Design Themes: A Case Study in Indexing Vocabulary. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Hammond, K.J. (1989). On Functionally Motivated Vocabularies: An Apologia. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Hunt, J., & Fellows, A. (1996). Introducing an immune responce into a CBR system for data mining. In, Research & Development in Expert Systems XIII. Nealon, J.L., & Hunt, J. (Eds.), SGES Publications, UK.

Hunter, L. (1989). Finding Paradigm Cases, or, when is a Case Worth Remembering? In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Marir, F., & Watson, I. (1995). Representing and indexing building refurbishment cases for multiple retrieval of adaptable pieces of cases. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Oehlmann, R., Edwards, P., & Sleeman, D. (1995). Self-Questioning and Experimentation: An Index Vocabulary of Situated Interaction. In, Progress In Case-Based Reasoning, Watson, I. (Ed.). Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1020, Springer-Verlag.

Ortony, A., Glore, G., & Collins, A. (1988). The cognitive structure of emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

Owens, C. (1989). Plan Transformation as Abstract Indices. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Perera, R.S., & Watson, I. (1995) A Case-Based Design Approach For The Integration of Design And Estimating. In, Progress In Case-Based Reasoning, Watson, I. (Ed.). Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1020, Springer-Verlag.

Schank, R., & Osgood R. (1990). A content theory of memory indexing. Northwestern University, Institute for the Learning Sciences Technical Report no. 2.

Wettschereck, D., & Aha, D.W. (1995). Weighting features. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Wilke, W., & Bergmann, R. (1996). Considering Decision Cost During Learning of Feature Weights. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Althoff, K.-D., Auriol, E., Barletta, R., & Manago, M. (1995). A Review of Industrial Case-Based Reasoning Tools. AI Intelligence, Oxford, UK. ISBN 1-898804-01-X

Bradtke, S.. & Lehnert, W.G. (1988). Some Experiments with Case-Based Search. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Griffiths, A.D., & Bridge, D.G. (1996). A Yardstick for the Evaluation of Case-Based Classifiers. In, Proceedings of the 2^nd UK Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning. Watson, I. (Ed.), Salford University, Salford, UK.

Ruby, D., & Kibler, D. (1988). Exploration of Case Based Problem Solving. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Tirri, H., Kontkanen, P., & Myllymäki, P. (1996). A Bayesian Framework for Case-Based Reasoning. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

The memory organisation, or case memory, is an important aspect in designing efficient case-based reasoners. It should reflect and translate into the computer, the conceptual view of what is represented in the case; taking into account the indexes that characterise the case. It should also organise cases into a manageable structure that allows efficient search and retrieval of relevant cases. Extensive references to this important phase of CBR design are presented below.

Alterman, R. (1988). An Adaptive Planner. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Althoff, K.-D., Auriol, E., Barletta, R., & Manago, M. (1995). A Review of Industrial Case-Based Reasoning Tools. AI Intelligence, Oxford, UK. ISBN 1-898804-01-X

Bareiss, E.R. (1988). PROTOS: A Unified Approach to Concept Representation, Classification, and learning. Ph.D. thesis, Department. of Computer Science, University of Texas. Technical Report CS 88-10, Dept. of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.

Basu, C. (1989). Organizing Multiple Points of View in Episodic Memory. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Brown, M.G. (1993). An Under-Lying Memory Model to Support Case Retrieval. In, Proceedings of EWCBR'93. Richter, M.M., et al. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag.

Dearden, A. (1995). Improving the Interfaces to Interactive Case Memories. In, Progress In Case-Based Reasoning, Watson, I. (Ed.). Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1020, Springer-Verlag.

Dubitzky, W., Hughes, J.G., & Bell, D.A. (1996). Case Memory and the Behaviouristic Model of Concepts and Cognition. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Dzeng, R.-J. & Tommelein, I.D. (1994). Case storage of planning knowledge for power plant construction. In, Proceedings of the First Congress held in Conjunction with A/E/C Systems'94, Vol.1. Khozeimeh K. (Ed.).

Feigenbaum, E.A. (1963). The simulation of natural learning behavior. In, Computers and Thought, E.A. Feigenbaum & J. Feldman (Eds.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Gentner, D. (1983). Structure-Mapping: A Theoretical Framework for Analogy. Cognitive Science, 7(2).

Griffiths, A.D., & Bridge, D.G. (1995). Formalising the knowledge content of case memory systems. In, Progress In Case-Based Reasoning, Watson, I. (Ed.). Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1020, Springer-Verlag.

Hammond, K.J. (1988). Opportunistic Memory: Storing and recalling suspended goals. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Hunt, J., & Fellows, A. (1996). Introducing an immune responce into a CBR system for data mining. In, Research & Development in Expert Systems XIII. Nealon, J.L., & Hunt, J. (Eds.), SGES Publications, UK.

Hunt, J.E., Cooke, D.E., & Holstein, H. (1995). Case memory and retrieval based on the immune system. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Kass, A.M. & Leake, D.B. (1988). Case-Based Reasoning Applied to Constructing Explanations. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Kolodner, J.L. (1983). Maintaining Organization in a Dynamic Long-Term Memory. Cognitive Science, 7(4), pp.243-280.

Kolodner, J.L. (1983). Reconstructive Memory: A Computer Model. Cognitive Science, 7(4), pp.281-328.

Kolodner, J.L. (1984). Retrieval and organization strategies in conceptual memory: A computer model. Northvale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Kolodner, J.L. (1988). Design and implementation of a case memory. Thinking Machine Corp, Cambridge Mass.

Kolodner, J.L. (1988). Retrieving events from a case memory: A parallel implementation. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Kolodner, J.L., & Thau, R. (1988). Design and implementation of a case memory. Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Information and Computer Science Technical Report no. GIT-ICS-88/34.

Koton, P. (1989). Using experience in learning and problem solving. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory of Computer Science, Ph.D. thesis MIT/LCS/TR-441.

Lebowitz, M. (1983). Generalization from natural language text. Cognitive Science, 7(1).

Maher, M.L. (1994). Representation of case memory for structural design. In, Proceedings of the First Congress held in Conjunction with A/E/C Systems'94, Vol 1. Khozeimeh, K. (Ed.).

Marir, F., & Watson, I. (1995). Representing and indexing building refurbishment cases for multiple retrieval of adaptable pieces of cases. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Owens, C. (1988). Domain-Independent Prototype Cases for Planning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Perera, R.S., & Watson, I. (1995) A Case-Based Design Approach For The Integration of Design And Estimating. In, Progress In Case-Based Reasoning, Watson, I. (Ed.). Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1020, Springer-Verlag.

Porter, B., Bareiss, E.R. & Holte, R. (1990). Concept learning and heuristic classification in weak theory domains. Artificial Intelligence, 45(1/2), pp.229-263.

Porter, B.W., and Bareiss, E.R. (1986). PROTOS: An experiment in knowledge acquisition for heuristic classification tasks. In, Proceedings of the First International Meeting on Advances in Learning (IMAL), pp.159-74.

Rissland, E.L. & Ashley, K.D. (1988). Credit Assignment and the Problem of Competing Factors in Case-Based Reasoning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Schank, R. (1988). Reminding and Memory, In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Selfridge, M., & Cuthill, B. (1989). Retrieving Relevant Out-of-Context Cases: A Dynamic Memory Approach to Case-Based Reasoning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Shinn, H.S. (1988). Abstractional Analogy: A Model of Analogical Reasoning.In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Stanfill, C., & Waltz, D.L. (1986). Toward memory-based reasoning. Communications of the ACM, 29(12).

Stanfill, C., & Waltz, D.L. (1988). The memory-based reasoning paradigm. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Tanaka, M., et al. (1993). Integration of multiple knowledge representation for classification problems. In, Proceedings of the International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence 1993, pp.448-449.

Tirri, H., Kontkanen, P., & Myllymäki, P. (1996). A Bayesian Framework for Case-Based Reasoning. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Tompson, K., & Langley, P. (1989). Organization and Retrieval of Composite Concepts.In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Turner, R.M. (1988). Organizing and Using Schematic Knowledge for Medical Diagnosis.In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Given a description of a problem, the retrieval algorithm should retrieve the most similar cases to the current problem. The retrieval algorithm relies heavily on the indexes and the structure and organisation of the case-memory to direct search to appropriate cases. Many retrieval algorithms are presented in the following papers including: heuristic search and matching techniques, that are used to retrieve an ordered set of useful cases from the case base, as well as concept refinement and parallel search techniques. The issue of choosing and ranking a best matching case is addressed using many approaches such as, analogy, similarity metrics, combinations of analytical and similarity-based CBR, and qualitative and multi-attribute similarity.

Aamodt, A. (1993) Explanation-driven retrieval, reuse, and learning of cases, In, Proceedings of EWCBR'93. Richter, M.M., et al. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag. pp. 279-284.

Althoff, K.-D., Auriol, E., Barletta, R., & Manago, M. (1995). A Review of Industrial Case-Based Reasoning Tools. AI Intelligence, Oxford, UK. ISBN 1-898804-01-X

Bento, C., & Costa, E. (1993). A Similarity Metric for Retrieval of Cases - Imperfectly Described and Explained. In, Proceedings of EWCBR'93. Richter, M.M., et al. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag.

Bonissone, P.P., & Ayub, S. (1992). Similarity measures for case-based reasoning systems. In, IPMU'92-Advanced Methods in AI the 4th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in KBS, Bouchon-Meunier et al. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 682, Springer-Verlag.

Brown, M., & Filer, N. (1995). Beauty vs. the Beast: The Case Against Massively Parallel Retrieval. In, Progress In Case-Based Reasoning, Watson, I. (Ed.). Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1020, Springer-Verlag.

Brown, M.G. (1993). An Under-Lying Memory Model to Support Case Retrieval. In, Proceedings of EWCBR'93. Richter, M.M., et al. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag.

Burke, R. (1989). Understanding and Responding in Conversation: Case Retrieval with Natural Language. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Callan, J.P., Fawcett, T.E., & Rissland, E.L. (1991). Adaptive Case-Based Reasoning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Collins, B., & Cunningham, P. (1996). Adaptation Guided Retrieval in EBMT: A Case-Base Approach to Machine Translation. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Domeshek, E. (1989). Parallelism for Index Generation and Reminding. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Domeshek, E. (1991). What Abby cares about.In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Domeshek, E. (1991). Indexing stories as social advice. In, Proceedings of AAAI-91. Cambridge, MA: AAAI Press/MIT Press.

Donahue, D. (1989). OGRE: Generic Reasoning from Experience. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Falkeneheimer, B., Forbus, K.D. & Gentner, D. (1986). The structure mapping engine. In Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI, Calif., US.

Farrell, R. (1988). Facilitating Self-Education by Questioning Assumptive Reasoning using Paradigm Cases. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Gentner, D., & Forbus, K.D. (1991). MAC/FAC: A model of similarity-based access and mapping. In, Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Northvale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Gentner, D., Ratterrnann, M.J. & Forbus, K.D. (1993). The roles of similarity in transfer: Separating retrievability from inferential soundness. Cognitive Psychology.

Kitano, H. (1993). Challenges for massive parallelism. In, IJCAI-93 Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann. pp.813-834.

Kolodner, J.L. (1988). Retrieving Events from a Case Memory: A Parallel Implementation. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Kolodner, J.L. (1989). Selecting the best case for a case-based reasoner. In, Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Northvale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Lenz, M., Burkhard, H.-D., & Brückner, S. (1996). Applying Case Retrieval Nets to Diagnostic Tasks in Technical Domains. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Marir, F., & Watson, I. (1995). Representing and indexing building refurbishment cases for multiple retrieval of adaptable pieces of cases. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Mehl, M. (1993). Retrieval in case-based reasoning using preferred sub-theories. In, Nonmonotonic and inductive logic, Brewka, G. et al. (Eds.) Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 659, Springer-Verlag.

Schank, R. (1988). Reminding and Memory, from Dynamic Memory, In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Seifert, C.M. (1988). Goals in Reminding. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Selfridge, M. & Cuthill, B. (1989). Retrieving Relevant Out-of-Context Cases: A Dynamic Memory Approach to Case-Based Reasoning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Simoudis, E. (1991). Retrieving justifiably relevant cases from a case base using validation models. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Computer Science, Brandeis University.

Simoudis, E. (1992). Using case-based retrieval for customer technical support. IEEE Expert 7(5), pp7-13.

Smail, M. (1993). Case-Based Information Retrieval. In, Proceedings of EWCBR'93. Richter, M.M., et al. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag.

Smyth, B., & Keane, M.T. (1996) Adaptation-Guided Retrieval: Using Adaptation Knowledge to Guide the Retrieval of Adaptable Cases. In, Proceedings of the 2^nd UK Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning. Watson, I. (Ed.), Salford University, Salford, UK.

Smyth, B., & Keane, M.T. (1993). Retrieving Adaptable Cases: The Role of Adaptation Knowledge in Case Retrieval. In, Proceedings of EWCBR'93. Richter, M.M., et al. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag.

Thompson, K., & Langley, P. (1989). Organization and Retrieval of Composite Concepts.In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Tirri, H., Kontkanen, P., & Myllymäki, P. (1996). A Bayesian Framework for Case-Based Reasoning. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Veloso, M.M, & Carbonell, J.G. (1991). Variable-Precision Case Retrieval in Analogical Problem Solving. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Wall, R.S., Donahue, D., & Hill, S. (1988). The Use of Domain Semantics for Retrieval and Explanation in Case-Based Reasoning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Wess, S., Althoff, K.-D., & Derwand, G. (1993). Improving the Retrieval Step in Case-Based Reasoning. In, Proceedings of EWCBR'93. Richter, M.M., et al. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag.

Ashley, K., & Rissland, E.L. (1988).Compare and Contrast, a Test of Expertise, In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Collins, A., & Burstein, M. (1989). A framework for a theory of mapping. In Similarity, analogy, and thought, Vosniadou & A. Ortony, E.S. (Eds.). New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.

Falkenhainer, B. (1988). Learning from physical analogies: A study in analogy and the explanation process. Ph.D. thesis, University of Illinois.

Gentner, D. (1983). Structure-mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy. Cognitive Science 7(2).

Gentner, D. (1988). Analogical inference and analogical access. In, Analogica, Prieditis, A. (Ed.). Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Hinrichs, T.R. (1992). Problem solving in open worlds. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Holyoak, K.J. (1984). Analogical thinking and human intelligence. In, Advances in the psychology of human intelligence, vol. 2, Stemberg, R.J. (Ed.). Northvale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Holyoak, K., & Thagard, P.R. (1989). A computational model of analogical problem solving. In Similarity, analogy, and thought, A. Vosniadou & A. Ortony (Eds.). New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.

Kopeilkina, L., Bandau, R., & Lemmon, A. (1988). Case-Based Reasoning for Continuous Control. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Koton, P. (1988). Reasoning about Evidence in Causal Explanations. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Martin J.D. (1989). Retrieving Reasonable Predictions From Case Bases. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Rissland, E.L. & Ashley, K.D. (1988). Credit Assignment and the Problem of Competing Factors in Case-Based Reasoning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Shavlik, J.W. (1991). Finding Genes by Case-Based Reasoning in the Presence of Noisy Case Boundaries. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Smyth, B., & Keane, M.T. (1996) Adaptation-Guided Retrieval: Using Adaptation Knowledge to Guide the Retrieval of Adaptable Cases. In, Proceedings of the 2^nd UK Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning. Watson, I. (Ed.), Salford University, Salford, UK.

Tirri, H., Kontkanen, P., & Myllymäki, P. (1996). A Bayesian Framework for Case-Based Reasoning. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Veloso, M.M. (1991). Efficient nonlinear planning using casual commitment and analogical reasoning. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Northvale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Veloso, M.M. (1992). Learning by analogical reasoning in general problem solving. Carnegie Mellon University, School of Computer Science Technical Report no. CMU-CS-92-174.

Ashley, K.D. (1989). Assessing Similarities among cases: A Position Paper. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Borner, K. (1993). Structural similarity as guidance in case-based design. In, Proceedings of EWCBR'93. Richter, M.M., et al. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag.

Cain, T., Pazzani, M.J, & Silverstein, G. (1991). Domain Knowledge to Influence Similarity Judgment. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R., Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Golding, A.R., & Rosenbloom, P.S. (1989). Combining Analytical and Similarity-Based CBR. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Janetzko, D., & Melis, S W. (1993). System and Processing View in Similarity Assessment. In, Proceedings of EWCBR'93. Richter, M.M., et al. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag.

King, J. & Bareiss, R. (1989). Similarity Assessment and Case-based Reasoning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Knauff, M & Schlieder, C. (1993). Similarity Assessment and Case Representation in Case-Based Design. In, Proceedings of EWCBR'93. Richter, M.M., et al. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag.

Kolodner, J.L. (1989). Judging Which is the "Best" Case for a Case-Based Reasoner. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Leake, D.B. (1988). ACCEPTER: A Program for Dynamic Similarity Assessment in Case-based Explanation. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Muñoz-Avila, H., & Hüllen, J. (1996). Feature Weighting by Explaining Case-Based Planning Episodes. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Musgrove, P.B., Davies, J. & Izzard, D. (1996). A Comparison of Nearest Neighbour, Rule Induction and Neural Networks for the Recommendation of Treatment at Anticoagulant Out-Patient Clinics. In, Proceedings of the 2^nd UK Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning. Watson, I. (Ed.), Salford University, Salford, UK.

Myllymaki, P., & Tirri, H. (1993). Massively Parallel Case-Based Reasoning with Probabilistic Similarity Metrics. In, Proceedings of EWCBR'93. Richter, M.M., et al. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag.

Netten, B.D., & Vingerhoeds, R.A. (1996). Retrieval and Reuse of Conceptual Designs in EADOCS. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Osborne, H.R., & Bridge, D.G. (1996). Parallel Retrieval from Case Bases. In, Proceedings of the 2^nd UK Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning. Watson, I. (Ed.), Salford University, Salford, UK.

Osborne, H.R., & Bridge, D.G. (1996). A Case Base Similarity Framework. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Perera, R.S., & Watson, I. (1995) A Case-Based Design Approach For The Integration of Design And Estimating. In, Progress In Case-Based Reasoning, Watson, I. (Ed.). Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1020, Springer-Verlag.

Plaza, E. & Arcos, J.L. (1993). Reflection and Analogy in Memory-based Learning. In, Proceedings of the Multi-strategy Learning Workshop, pp.42-49.

Plaza, E., de Mántaras, L., & Armengol, E. (1996). On the Importance of Similitude: An Entropy-Based Assessment. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Poole, J. (1993). Similarity in Legal Case Based Reasoning as Degree of Matching Between Conceptual Graphs. In, Proceedings of EWCBR'93. Richter, M.M., et al. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag.

Porter, B. (1989). Similarity Assessment: Computation vs. Representation. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Ricci, F., & Avesani, P. (1995). Learning a local similarity metric for case-based reasoning. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Richter, M.M. & Weiss, S. (1991). Similarity, uncertainty and case-based reasoning in PATDEX. In, Automated reasoning, essays in honour of Woody Beledsoe. Boyer, R.S. (Ed.), Kluwer, pp.249-265.

Rissland, E.L., Basu, C., Daniels, J.J., McCarthy, J., Rubinstein, B. & Skalak, D.B. (1991). A Blackboard-Based Architecture for CBR: An Initial Report. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Rougegrez, S. (1993). A similarity-assessment algorithm based on comparisons between events. In, Proceedings of EWCBR'93. Richter, M.M., et al. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag.

Schaaf, J.W. (1995). Fish and Sink: An anytime algorthm to retrieve adequate cases. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Schaaf, J.W. (1996). Fish and Shrink: A Next Step Towards Efficient Case Retrieval in Large-Scale Case Bases. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Sebag, M., & Schoenauer, M. (1993). A Rule-Based Similarity Measure. In, Proceedings of EWCBR'93. Richter, M.M., et al. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag.

Smyth, B., & Keane, M.T. (1996) Adaptation-Guided Retrieval: Using Adaptation Knowledge to Guide the Retrieval of Adaptable Cases. In, Proceedings of the 2^nd UK Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning. Watson, I. (Ed.), Salford University, Salford, UK.

Thagard, P., & Holyoak, K.J. (1989). How to compute Semantic Similarity. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Tirri, H., Kontkanen, P., & Myllymäki, P. (1996). A Bayesian Framework for Case-Based Reasoning. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Weber-Lee, R., Barcia, R.M., Martins, A., & Pacheco, R.C. (1996). Using Typicality Theory to Select the Best Match. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Whitaker, L., Wiggins, S., & Klein, G. (1989). Using Qualitative or Multi-Attribute Similarity to retrieve useful cases from a Case Base. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Wolverton, M. (1995). An investigation of marker-passing algorithms for analogue retrieval. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Once cases are retrieved a CBR system may adapt the solution stored in a retrieved case to better meet the needs of the current case. Several types of adaptation are presented in the following references. These include: structural adaptation, where adaptation rules are applied directly to the solution stored in cases and derivational adaptation, where the rules that generated the original solution are re-run to produce a new solution to the problem.

Aha, D.W. & Ram, A. (Eds.). (1995). Adaptation of Knowledge for Reuse: Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Fall Symposium. AAAI Technical Report FS-95-04.

Alterman, R. (1986), An Adaptive Planner. In, Proceedings of AAAI-86.

Ashley, K. & Rissland, E. (1987) Compare and Contrast, a Test of Expertise. In, Proceedings of AAAI-87.

Barletta, R., & Hennessy, D. (1989). Case Adaptation in Autoclave Layout Design. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Callan, J.P, Fawcett T.E. & Rissland, E.L. (1991). Adaptive Case-Based Reasoning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Carbonell, J. G. & Veloso, M. (1988). Integrating Derivational Analogy into a General Problem Solving Architecture. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Carbonell, J.G. (1986). Derivational analogy: A theory of reconstructive problem solving and expertise acquisition. In, Machine Learning - An Artificial Intelligence Approach, Vol.ll, R.S. Michalski, J.G. Carbonell, T.M. Mitchell (Eds.), Morgan Kaufmann, pp.371-392.

Chang, L.W. Harrison, P. (1995). A Testbed for Experiments in Adaptive Memory Retrieval and Indexing. In, Adaptation of Knowledge for Reuse: Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Fall Symposium. Aha, D.W. & Ram, A. (Eds.). AAAI Technical Report FS-95-04.

Chattergee, N., & Campbell, J.A. (1993). Adaptation through Interpolation for Time-Critical Case-Based-Reasoning. In, Proceedings of EWCBR'93. Richter, M.M., et al. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag.

Collins, B., & Cunningham, P. (1996). Adaptation Guided Retrieval in EBMT: A Case-Base Approach to Machine Translation. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Collins, G. (1989). Plan Adaptation: A Transformational Approach. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Fuchs, B., Mille, A., & Chiron, B. (1995). Operator decision aiding by adaptation of supervision strategies. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Gennari, J. Altman, R.B., Musen, M.A. (1995). Reuse and PROTÉGÉ-II: Adapting Problem Solving Methods with Mapping Relations. In, Adaptation of Knowledge for Reuse: Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Fall Symposium. Aha, D.W. & Ram, A. (Eds.). AAAI Technical Report FS-95-04.

Goel, A., & Chandrasekaran, B. (1989). Use of Device Models in Adaptation of Design Cases. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Hammond, K.J. (1988). Case-Based Planning: Viewing planning as a memory task. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Hammond, K.J. (1989). Adaptation of Cases. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Hammond, K.J., Converse, T., & Marks, M. (1989). Learning Modification Rules from Expectation Failure. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Hanney, K., Keane, M.T., Smyth, B., & Cunningham, P. (1995). Systems, tasks and adaptation knowledge: Revealing some revealing dependencies. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Hanney, K., Keane, M.T., Smyth, B., & Cunningham, P. (1995). What Kind of Adaptation do CBR Systems Need? A Review of Current Practice. In, Adaptation of Knowledge for Reuse: Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Fall Symposium. Aha, D.W. & Ram, A. (Eds.). AAAI Technical Report FS-95-04.

Hastings, J.D., & Branting, K. (1995) Global and Case-Specific Model-Based Adaptation. In, Adaptation of Knowledge for Reuse: Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Fall Symposium. Aha, D.W. & Ram, A. (Eds.). AAAI Technical Report FS-95-04.

Hastings, J.D., Branting, L.K., & Lockwood, J.A. (1995). Case adaptation using an incomplete causal model. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Hendler, J.A. (1988). Refitting Plans for Case-Based Reasoning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Hinrichs, T.R.& Kolodner, J.L. (1991). The Roles of Adaptation in Case-Based Design. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Bareiss, E.R. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Hinrichs, T.R. (1989). Strategies for Adaptation and Recovery in a Design Problem Solver. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Hunt, J. (1995). Evolutionary Case Based Design. In, Progress In Case-Based Reasoning, Watson, I. (Ed.). Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1020, Springer-Verlag.

Kass, A. (1989). Strategies for Adapting Explanations. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Kass, A.M. & Leake, D.B. (1988). Case-Based Reasoning Applied to Constructing Explanations. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Koehler, J. (1995). Correct Adaptation of Complex Plans. In, Adaptation of Knowledge for Reuse: Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Fall Symposium. Aha, D.W. & Ram, A. (Eds.). AAAI Technical Report FS-95-04.

Kolbe, T., & Walther, C. (1995). Adaptation of Proofs for Reuse. In, Adaptation of Knowledge for Reuse: Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Fall Symposium. Aha, D.W. & Ram, A. (Eds.). AAAI Technical Report FS-95-04.

Kolodner, J.L. (1988). Extending Problem Solving Capabilities Through Case-Based Inference, In, Proceeding of the 4th Annual International Machine Learning Workshop.

Kopeikina, L., Bandau, R., & Lemmon, A. (1988) Case-Based Reasoning for Continuous Control. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Koton, P. (1988). Reasoning about Evidence in Causal Explanations. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Leake, D.B., Kinley, A., & Wilson, D. (1995). Learning to improve case adaptation by introspective reasoning and CBR. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Marir, F., & Watson, I. (1995). Representing and indexing building refurbishment cases for multiple retrieval of adaptable pieces of cases. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Mostow, G., & Fisher, G. (1989). Replaying Transformational Derivations of Heuristic Search Algorithms in DIOGENES. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Mulvehill, A.M. (1995). Reusing Force Deployment Plans. In, Adaptation of Knowledge for Reuse: Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Fall Symposium. Aha, D.W. & Ram, A. (Eds.). AAAI Technical Report FS-95-04.

O’Hara, S., & Indurkhya, B. (1995). Adaptation and Re-Description in the Context of Geometric Proportional Anologies. In, Adaptation of Knowledge for Reuse: Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Fall Symposium. Aha, D.W. & Ram, A. (Eds.). AAAI Technical Report FS-95-04.

Oehlmann, R. (1995). Metacognitive Adaptation: Regulating the Plan Transformation Process. In, Adaptation of Knowledge for Reuse: Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Fall Symposium. Aha, D.W. & Ram, A. (Eds.). AAAI Technical Report FS-95-04.

Orsvarn, K. (1995). Adaptation of Generic Models in Model-Driven Knowledge Acquisition. In, Adaptation of Knowledge for Reuse: Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Fall Symposium. Aha, D.W. & Ram, A. (Eds.). AAAI Technical Report FS-95-04.

Petridis, V. & Paraschidis, K. (1993). Structural adaptation based on a simple learning algorithm. In, Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks 1993, Vol.1 pp.621-623

Purvis, L., & Pu, P. (1995). Adaptation using constraint satisfaction techniques. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Rousu, J., & Aarts, R.J. (1996). Adaptation Cost as a Criterion for Solution Evaluation. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Shinn, H.S. (1988). Abstractional Analogy: A Model of Analogical Reasoning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Simmons, R.G. (1988) A Theory of Debugging. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Smyth, B., & Keane, M.T. (1995). Retrieval and Adaptation in Deja Vu. In, Adaptation of Knowledge for Reuse: Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Fall Symposium. Aha, D.W. & Ram, A. (Eds.). AAAI Technical Report FS-95-04.

Smyth, B., & Keane, M.T. (1996) Adaptation-Guided Retrieval: Using Adaptation Knowledge to Guide the Retrieval of Adaptable Cases. In, Proceedings of the 2^nd UK Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning. Watson, I. (Ed.), Salford University, Salford, UK.

Smyth, B., & Keane, M.T. (1995). Experiments on adaptation-guided retrieval in case-based design. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Smyth, B., & Keane, M.T. (1996). Design a la Deja Vu: Reducing the Adaptation Overhead. In, Case-Based Reasoning: Experiences, Lessons, & Future Directions, Leake, D.B. (Ed.). AAAI Press / The MIT Press, Menlo Park, Calif., US.

Sussman, G.J. (1975). A computer model of skill acquisition. New York: Elsevier.

Sycara, K. (1988). Using Case-Based Reasoning for Plan Adaptation and Repair. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Kolodner, J.L. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Veloso, M.M. and Carbonell, J.G. (1993). Derivational analogy in PRODIGY. In, Machine Learning 10(3), pp.249-278.

Voss, A. (1996). Principles of Case Reusing Systems. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Weiss, M. & Zeyer, F. (1994). Redesign of local area networks using similarity-based adaptation. In, Proceedings of the Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications 1994, pp.284-290.

Zeyer, F., & Weiss, M. (1993). Similarity-based adaptation and its Application to the Case-based Redesign of Local Area Networks. In, Proceedings of EWCBR'93. Richter, M.M., et al. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag.

Bareiss, E.R. (1989). The Experimental Evaluation of a Case-Based Learning Apprentice. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Börner, K., Pippig, E., Tammer, E., & Coulon, C.-H. (1996). Structural Similarity and Adaptation. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Cohen, P. (1989). Evaluation and Case-Based Reasoning. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Funk, P., & Robertson, D. (1995). Capturing and Matching Dynamic Behaviour in Case-Based Reasoning. In, Progress In Case-Based Reasoning, Watson, I. (Ed.). Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1020, Springer-Verlag.

Hanney, K., & Keane, M.T. (1996). Learning Adaptation Rules from a Case-Base. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Hurley, N. (1995). Evaluating the application of CBR in mesh design for simulation problems. In, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Veloso, M., & Aamodt, A. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Koton, P. (1989). Applications and Validation: Case-Based Reasoning in the Real World. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Koton, P. (1989). Evaluating Case-Based Problem Solving. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Mark, W. (1989). Case-Based Reasoning for Autoclave Management. In, Proceedings of the DARPA Case-Based Reasoning Workshop, Hammond, K.J. (Ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Calif., US.

Rousu, J., & Aarts, R.J. (1996). Adaptation Cost as a Criterion for Solution Evaluation. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Smyth, B., & Cunningham, P. (1996). The Utility Problem Analysed: A Case-Based Reasoning Perspective. In, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Smith, I., & Faltings, B. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

[back]   [forward]

If you cannot find your publication please tell us by using the ai-cbr Information Form.